Kelvin waves: from quantum condensates to atmospheric tornadoes

Kelvin waves are fundamental excitations that propagate along vortex lines and play a central role in the redistribution of energy and the stability of rotating flows. They are important for understanding phenomena ranging from quantum turbulence to atmospheric vortices.
In this study, the researchers experimentally observed the propagation of these waves along a stable, controlled vortex and measured their dispersion relation. Their spatiotemporal measurements reveal different modes, such as helical deformations and double-helix waves, in agreement with theoretical predictions.
Their results help to better understand how energy is transferred in turbulent systems and may shed light on concrete phenomena such as tornadoes or aircraft wake vortices.